Sains Malaysiana 52(10)(2023): 2985-2997

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5210-19

Impact of Haze Event on Daily Admission of Respiratory System Patients in Peninsular Malaysia

(Impak Jerebu terhadap Kemasukan Harian Pesakit Sistem Pernafasan Di Semenanjung Malaysia)

NURUL ANIS AYUNI KHAIRUL ANUAR, HUMAIDA BANU SAMSUDIN & NORIZA MAJID*

Mathematical Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 23 Mei 2023/Diterima: 10 Oktober 2023

Abstract

Diseases of the respiratory system, especially in children and the elderly, are significantly related to air pollution. Exposure to air pollution has led to an increase in the number of patients who need hospital treatment. The purpose of this study was to learn about the effects of changes in the levels of major pollutant components on the number of daily hospital admissions of respiratory system patients. The generalised linear lag model is used in this study to demonstrate the lag structure of the exposure-response impacts. The results show that particulate matter (PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O₃) component factors, as well as meteorological factors like wind speed and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, affect the number of hospital admissions of respiratory system patients. The best model is a lag 6 negative binomial regression model. Daily hospital admission is positively correlated with PM₁₀, NO₂, and wind speed, and negatively correlated with CO, O₃, and UV radiation. According to the findings of the study, fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂), as well as temperature, humidity, and wind direction, are not significantly contributing factors in the number of respiratory system patients admitted to hospitals.

Keywords: Air pollution; generalised linear lag model; hospital admissions; negative binomial regression; respiratory system diseases

Abstrak

Penyakit sistem pernafasan, terutamanya pada kanak-kanak dan orang tua mempunyai kaitan yang ketara dengan pencemaran udara. Pendedahan kepada pencemaran udara telah menyebabkan peningkatan bilangan pesakit yang memerlukan rawatan di hospital. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang kesan perubahan tahap komponen pencemar utama terhadap kekerapan kemasukan ke hospital harian pesakit sistem pernafasan. Model lag linear teritlak digunakan dalam kajian ini untuk menunjukkan struktur lag bagi kesan pendedahan-tindak balas. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa partikel terampai (PM₁₀), nitrogen dioksida (NO₂), karbon monoksida (CO), dan faktor komponen ozon (O₃), serta faktor meteorologi seperti kelajuan angin dan sinaran UV, mempengaruhi bilangan kemasukan pesakit sistem pernafasan ke hospital. Model terbaik ialah model regresi binomial negatif lag 6. Kemasukan hospital harian berkorelasi positif dengan PM₁₀, NO₂, dan kelajuan angin, dan berkorelasi negatif dengan sinaran CO, O₃, dan ultraviolet (UV). Menurut penemuan kajian, partikel terampai halus (PM_2.5) dan sulfur dioksida (SO₂), serta suhu, kelembapan, dan arah angin, bukan merupakan faktor penyumbang yang signifikan terhadap kemasukan pesakit sistem pernafasan ke hospital.

Kata kunci: Kemasukan hospital; model lag linear teritlak; pencemaran udara; penyakit sistem pernafasan; regresi binomial negatif

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nm@ukm.edu.my